Differential-power-transmission mechanism.



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xv fir E v m g U U 0 Y Rm 0 \v k 2 b 2 m z z Patented June 9 A. SUNDH. DIFFERENTIAL POWER TRANSMISSION MECHANISM.

APPLICATION FILED APB.3, 1909.

A. SUNDH.

DIFFERENTIAL POWER TRANSMISSION MECHANISM.

APPLICATION FILED APR,3,1909.

Patented June 9, 1914.

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Al SUNDH. DIFFERENTIAL POWER TRANSMISSION MECHANISM.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 3, 1909.

Patented June 9, 19M

E a v. H I C v H i a H V H 2% A. SUNDH. DIFFERENTIAL POWER TRANSMISSION MECHANISM.

APPLIOATION FILED APR. 3, 1909.

Patented June 9, 19M. 6 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

@Hozwzq LOQQATIQO A. SUNDH. DIFFERENTIAL POWEB. TRANSMISSION MECHANISM.

APPLICATION FILED APR, 3, 1909.

Patented June 9, 19M.

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A. SUNDH. DIFFERENTIAL POWER TRANSMISSION MECHANISM.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 8, 1909.

Patented June 9, 1914.

6 SHEETSSHEET 6.

@lilni-Av AUGUST SUNDHOF S, W YQRK, ASSIGNOR To o'rxs ELEVATOR comm NY OF'JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATIONOENEW JEns p 'nirrnanmimn-rownn-rmmsmssron iirncnainsmi To all whom it'may concern v :Beit known that 1-, AUGUST SUNDH, a citizen of the United States, residing at Yonkers, in the county of Westchester and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Difierential- Power-Transmission Mechanism, of which the following is a s ecification.

My. invention re atesi to power transmis sion and controlling mechanism, and more particularly to Hydraulic power transmission ClGYlCBS and "electromechanical means for regulating and controlling the same;

In general," the invention comprises a prime mover, two separate pumps operated therby,-twolseparate motors operated by fluid-pressure supplied by the pumps, and mechanism for regulating and controlling the absolute and relative speed of the motors,

and al'sdtheir direction of operation.

One ofthe objects of the'pre'sent invenhams toprovidc' means of the above described character in which'the'motors may in the same direction and at the same speed,

or difierentially at any desired relative" speeds;or in which one of the motors alone may be operated at any desired speed,or in which" the motors may be operated-in opposite directions either at the same or different speeds. The motors maybeusedto operate various mechanisms, as forexample, twin I screw propellers for a; boat," differential lnec'hanism for operating the rudder oi a boat orfor operating other steering apparatus, traction sheaves; for operating hoist- -detaileddescription thereof,

in'g apparatus, and various other "devices adaptedto' he J operated"- by 'difi'erential driving mechanism.

-0ther db'ects of the invention will appear --hereinafter in connection with-a more The scope of the invention isdefined in the appended claims in which are set 'forth the novel combinations of elements.

In the accompanying drawings which illustrate a construction embodying myxinrention, as adapted for use in'the operation aiiclrcontrol of a boat, Figure Its a sectional anview' of the.- fluid operated motors Fig.

2 is a sectional elevation of t'he s'ame and also showing "a"se'ction of a boat m which the mechanism is 'located Fig.'3 is a detailview 251. J! -1; I

Specification of Letters Patent.

- P tented June 9, 1914.

Applieationfiled April 3, 190a Serial No. 487,701.

on a larger scale of a motor cylinder and associated parts;- Fig. 1 is ,a plan'view foil the-prime mover pumps, and'an electrical generator; Fig. 5 is a" sectional elevation show ng one pf the pumps and" associated valve mechan1sm;--Fig. 6- is a longitudinal sectional elevation showing a'lportion of the pumpsyFig. "7 is a plan vi'elwoct the pnmp gears and the driving-gears"therefor; ig. 8 is a detail view-of an auxiliary pump; Fig. 9 is a detail view of'a 'jthlee-way valve; Fig; 10 1s general plan viewof a1construction-.em bodying the present invention as applied to operate a boathaving twin screw propellers; F ig'. 11 is an elevation'view partly in section of'the manually operable controlling mechanisIn; Figi: 11 is adetail-Wiew of'p'arts shown inFig. 11 Fig. 12" is a sectional elevation' V16W 0f one ofthe controllers shown in Fig. 11'; Fig. 13 is 'a' detail view of a' con-' trolling lever shown-in Fig. 11; Fig. 14: is a diagrammatic view showing the controlling inechan'ismand electrical circuits therefor;

The general -arran'gement of the invention as-shown in Fig. 10 comprises a prime mover E which as here shown'is an'internal combustion engineconnected to drive a pair of pumps? and Q. These pumps supply liquid under pressure tooperate motors N and M connected to drive thescrew propellersS- and S. The generator G connected to be driven-by the engine E suppliescurrent for energizing electrolnagnets used to control the speed and directionof operation oiithe motors, fas any 'set forth 'hereina ften' 'j A manual controlling device is used to con:

trol the supply of current a to the various electro-inagnets. p

The construction and operation of the pumpswi'll be understood from a consideration=of Figs. 4,:5g6gand The two pumps l? and Q are preferably substantially simi lar in construction, and each comprises a plurality of pairsof pump'gears-a a, t b, ccfd at, e e.i-' The shalt lot the engine is connected-by a couplin 'fl to the' drive shaft 3 of, the pumps. :A. time parallel to the 'shaft 3- is geared thereto means of herringbone tqoth-gearso', 6,=-7 andB keyed to'the'shafts Wanda? "lhe piunphgears,-a, b, e, cl" and e of both umps are'keyed-to the. shaft 3;"the ears a, b, 0",- dt' and e are and Q are both located in a casing C. An inner casing C is provided for each pump and comprises side walls 9 and curved to conform to the ''peripheries of the pump gears. These side walls 9 and 10 are made in sections spaced apart by partitions 11. The side walls 9 and 10 together with the partitions 11 and end walls 12 form separate compartments for the several pairs of pump gears, a 'a, etc. The several sections of thepump arc clamped by means of rods 16 extending through the side walls and partitions. Additional clamping rods or bolts are also provided andhave. mounted thereon spacing sleeves 13 and 14 located between the partitions and end walls 11 and 12. The pump casings are provided with brackets 17 and are rigidly secured within the outer casing C by means -of bolts 18. Located over each casing C and bolted thereto, is a casting 19 which comprises a pressure chamber 20. extending longitudinally of the pump. Associated with eacht pair of pump gears are valves and passages controlling the flow of liquid from the pump gears to the pressure chamber and also from the pump gears directly'back to the supply chamber. As this valve mechanism for each section is substantially the same, a description of said mechanism for onesection of the pump as shown in Fig. 5 will suflice for all, and is as followsz-A passage 21-eX- tends from the gear casing to the pressure chamber and a spring pressed check valve 22 permits a flow of liquid into the pressure chamber but prevents liquid from flowing back toward the pump. A horizontal pas- Sage 23 extendingfrom the passage 21 forms a by-pass permittmg the liquid to flow from the pressure side of the'p-ump gears directly back into the chamber or casing C.

.This by-pass is controlled by a valve 24 adapted to be operated by an electro-magnet P. The core 25 of the electro-magnet is connected by alink 26 with one arm of a bell-crank lever 27; the other arm of the bell-crank lever is connected by a link 28 to the valve 24. When the magnet is deenergized, the parts assume the position shown in the drawings, the passage 23 being open.- When the electro-magnet P is excited, its

core 25 is drawn upward and operates through the bell-crank lever to move the valve 24 to the leftand thereby close the passage 23. The left-hand end of the valve 24 has a cylindrical portion 29 slidable in a correspondingly shaped recess formed in the casting 19. A coil spring 30 located in the part 29 insures the return of the valve 24 to open position when the electro-magnet is deenergized. The weight of the core 25,

owever, and the link 26, may sufficient to open thevalve without the use of aspring. A relief valve 3-1 controls a passage 32 extending from the pressure chamber 20 to the supply chamber. This valve is normally held in its seat by a heavy coil spring 33 which permits the valve to open whenever the pressure in' the chamber 20 becomes excessivep The pressure at which the valve operates may be varied by adjusting the nut 34. It will be understood that a single relief valve suflices for each pressure chamber. Each pump is provided with electro-magnets as P, P P, P and P each magnet con- *trolling a; valve 24 for one sect-ion of the pump. Assuming these magnets to be deenergized, the operation of the pumps is substantially as follows :The engine E r0- tates the shaft 3 through the gears 5, 6 and 7 8 and positively drives the shaft 4. The

pump gears are thus rotated in the directions indicated by the arrows in Fig. 5. It should be here noted that the teeth of the pump gears are rounded so that their ends are substantially semi-circular. The teeth for each pair of gears can therefore roll on each other but are so shaped as to prevent the liquid from being entrapped or locked between the teeth, which would prevent the proper operation of the pump gears. The gear wheels 5, 6 and 7 8 serve to drive the shaft 4 at the same speed as the shaft 3, and by preventing any independent rotation of said shafts, serve to hold the interlocking pump gears accurately in 'mesh,,t hereby preventing leakage, friction losses and wear of the gear; teeth. A smooth and regular movement of the pump gears is also effected which cannot be obtained without the use of the. gears 5, 6 and 7, 8, or equivalent devices in addition to the, pump gears for preventing independent movement of the shafts. The particular form of pump gears and driving gears on the shafts 3 and 4 are shown and claimed in 'my co-pending application for improvement in gear pumps, Serial No. 538,428, filed Jan. 17, 1910. As the -gears rotate, the'liquid is carried from the supply chamber upward between the side walls 9 and 10 and the pump gears, and flows back through t-he passage 23 into the supply chamber. As thereis practically no resistance to the circulation of the liquid, the pumps run free'and only a small amount of power is consumed to operate them. If now the magnet. P is'energized its valve 24 is increasing the volume of liquid delivered by the pump. As each succeeding magnet.

is energized, the. corresponding section of the pump operates to force liquid into the water, oil, or some other liquid, but'is pref:

erably light oil whichhas certain advantages over water and other liquids, as it will not evaporate, will not freeze in cold weather, andserves to keep the mechanism well lub'i'icated. k

The fluid operated motors as illustrated in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 will now be described. The two motors N and M are substantially alike in construction; -each motor comprises six cylinders 40. provided with trunnions 42 mounted in bearings 43, thereby permitting the cylinders to oscillate. In each cylinder is a reciprocating piston 41 connected by a piston rod 42 to a crank 43 on a propeller shaft 44. The cranks 43 on each shaft 44 are placed at different angles and are preferably each 60 degrees in advance of the preceding crank, so as to secure a practically constant driving power or torque ofthe shaft 44 as the motors operate, The inner end of each motor cylinder has an are shaped bearing surface 45 concentric with its pivot or trun nions 42 and cooperating witha correspondingly shaped bearing surface formed on a stationary member 46. A member 46 is provided for each motor and extends longitudinally thereof, as indicated in Fig. -1. The members 46 are preferably castings formed with longitudinal passages 47 and 48. The inner end of; each motor cylinder' is formed with a port 49' adapted to be brought into communication with ports 50 and 51 opening into the passages'47 and 48, respectively. 7 v

The flow of liquid to and from the motors M and N is cont-rolled by reversing valves V and W, respectively. With the reversing valves in the position shown in Fig. 1, the circulating liquid is conveyed from the pressure chamber 20 of the pump P through a pipe 55, through the valve chamber 56 of the valve V and through a port 57 into the upper passage 47 of the casting 46, and from the passage 47 through the ports 50into the motor cylinders. From the motor cylinders,

the liquid is discharged through the ports 51 into the lower passage 48 and from thence flows through a passage 58 into the valve chamber 56 and back through a common return pipe 59 into the casing G, which forms a common supply chamber for the two pumps P and Q. The liquid from the pressure chamber of the pump Q is likewise conveyed through a pipe to .the valve casing 56 of the reversing valve W, and from thence is circulated through the motor cylinders of the motor N in the same manner as the liquid is circulated through the pump M and then returns from the motor N through the common return pipe 59 to the supply chamber.

- .The way in which the liquid operates the motors Wlll be readily understood from a consideration of Fig. 2. This figure shows a motor cylinder for themotor M with a piston 41 in its innermost position. The port 49 is cut off from communication with either passage 47 or 48; the shaft 44'is rotating in acounter-clockwise direction, as indicated by the arrow. This movement of the shaft rotates the motor cylinder about its pivot 42 and opens the port 49 to the passage 47 which is inco'mmunication with the pressure chamber of the pump P. The liquid therefore, is forced into the motor cylinder and drives the piston toward the outer end of the cylinder, the power transmitted from the piston operating to drivethe shaft 44. By the time the piston has reached its outermost. position,-the inner end of the cylinder has been swung upward and again returned to central position, thus closing the supply port 50. The continued rotation. of the shaft 44 swings the inner end of the cylinder down-- ward below a central position and opens the I port 49 through the. port 51 to the exhaust passage 48, thereby permitting the liquid in the cylinder to be forced back into the exhaust chamber C as the piston moves inward. "The action of each section of the motor, M is the same, but it will be noted that with the cranks of the shaft 44 arranged at difierent angles, three of the motor pistons will be moving outward and driving the so that a constant driving poweris exerte on the shaft 44. The motor N operates in the same manner as the motor M.

The construction and operation of the reversing valves is substantially as follows: The valve V for xample, comprisesa valve chamber 56 in which is adapted to reciprocate, a hollow cylindrical valve member 62; this valve member is operated by electromagnets V and V whose cores are connected to the valve member 62 by rods 63 and 64, respectively. The valve is in the osition shown when the electro-margnet w is excited. With the '-valve in this position, the liquid from the pressure pipe 55 flows through the valve casing arounddhe valve member 62 and through the port 57 into the passage 47, and after circulating through the motor'cylinders is returned through the passage 58 and flows, through the hollow valve member and into the return pipe 59. It will be observed that this valve is perfectly balanced so. that 'after,it hasmee'n brought into. the position shown by the operation of the magnet V it will remain in such position until moved by the magnet V When the latter is excited, the valve member 62 is moved to its right-hand position, thereby cutting all communication between the pressure pipe 55 and the port 57, and 'at the same time connecting the pressure pipe with IlO the passage 58. The port 57 is also opened to the return pipe 59. This movement of the valve to the right connects the passage 47 with the return pipe, and the passage .48 5 with the pressure pipe, and thereby causes the motor to operate in the reverse direction. The reversing'valve W is operated in like manner by the electro-magnets W and W and controls the direction of rotation for the shaft of the'motor N.

As the motors V and W are all inclosed in the casing A which is liquid tight, there is no loss of the liquid which escapes by leakage from the pumps. In order to re- 5 turn into the circulating system the liquid that thus leaks into the casing A, the following means is provided':At small auxiliary pump X, as shown in Figs. 1 and 8, is connected to be driven bythemotor N. This pump comprises a pair of intermeshing gears 66 and 67 connected to the shaft -14 and an idler shaft 58, respectively. These gears'are inclosed in a casing 69. The intake pipe 70 for the pump extends down- 1 ward to a point near the bottom of the casing A. ,The pipe 71 leading from the pressure side of the pump X extends to a three-way valve Y (Figs. 4: and 9). The valve Y has two outlet'pipes 72 and 73; the pipe 73 36 extends through the top of the pump casing and therefore communicates with the supply chamberfor the pumps; the pipe 72 is connected by a T joint 72 with pipes 74 and 75 which open into air chambers or domes 76 and 77 communicating'with the pressure chambers of the pumps Q and P respectively. The valves 7 5' and 74 may be provided to control the flow of liquid through the pipes 75 and 74, respectively.

The rotary valve member 78 for the valve Y is normally in the position shown in Fig. 9, so that the pipe 71 communicates with the pipe 73, but may be rotated into position to open the pipe 72 to the pipe 71 and cut off the pipe 73. During the normal operation of the motors M and N, the auxiliarypump X operates continuously so that any liquid that leakes from the motors into the casing A is drawn through the'pipe-70 and pumped through the pipe 71, valve Y, and pipe 73, into the supply chamber for the main pumps. As the leakage will ordinarily be much less than the capacity of the auxiliary pump X, airwill be pumped into the supply cham ber C, but escapes immediately through openings 79 in the top of the pump casing. The air chambers 76 and 77 are normally filled orpartly filled with air, which-serves as a cushioning device preventing any sud- '60 den changes in the pressure of the *liquid and securing a smooth operation of the motors. Whenever the amount of air in the air chambers is insufficierit, owing to leakage or other causes, the auxiliary pump X may be used to replenish the air supply-by turning the three-Way valve so that the air is pumped through the pipes 74 and 75. By closing either the valve 7 5 or 74, air may be pumped into either one of the air chambers as needed.

It will be observed that by the use of reciprocating motor cylinders as herein shown, the usual packings required for fluid motors, are dispensed with, andalso that a certain amount. of leakage is not objectionable, as the pump X immediately return: the liquid into circulation. The friction of the moving parts maytherefore be reduced to a minimum, as the packings and close fit ting of bearing surfaces, which would otherwisesbe required, is not 'necessary,'a-high efficiency may'therefore be obtained.

Electric current for operating the various electro-magnets is preferably supplied by means of a generator G which is counected by a belt 80, or any other suitable form of aring to -be'driven from the engine E. This generator, as indicated in Fig. 14 may be a direct curlent shunt dynamo havi g shunt field winding 81\- connected across commutator brushes 82 and 83. The man ally operable controlling mechanism K by means of which the electrical circuits are controlled, is illustrated in Figs. 11, 11, 12 and 13. This mechanism comprises two controllers K and K which are substantially I alike in construction; each'controller comprises a circular casing 84; these casings be ing bolted to a bracket or support 85. Between these casings and bolted thereto, is a bracket 86.formed with a segment 87 having rack teeth 88. in operating lever 90 is pivoted at 89 to the bracket 86. 'A latch 91 carried by the lever 90 and adapted to be lifted by the hand lever92, cooperates with the rackteeth 88 and serves to hold the lever 90 in any desired position. Within eachcontroller box 84 is a pivot pin 93 on which is mounted a hand lever 94 having a hub 95 formed with an extension 96. Also mounted on the pivot pin 93 is an -are shaped member 97 provided with rack teeth 98. The part 97 is substantially .U shaped in cross section, as indicated in Fig. 12, and forms a passage in which the extension 96 is adapted L3 more, the parts 95 and 97 being independently rotatable. The ends of the arcshaped member 97 are bifurcated or formed with slots 99. Stops 100 having stems 101 extending through the slots 99 are adjustable longitudinally of said slots and held in adjusted position by clamping nuts 102. -Coil springs 103 are placed between the extension 96 and the stops 100 and act as centering ,springs to hold the lever 94 normally in central position in respect to the are shaped member 97. Rack bars 10.4 and 105 are pivoted to the lever 90 and are provided with rack teeth meshing with the teeth 98. These rack bars are held in posiimam tion and guided by anti-friction rollers 106. Within the casing 84 for the controller K is a disk 107 formed of insulating material and located directly behind the lever 94. A

contact ring 108 is set in the disk 107 "and is at all times in electrical contact with the lever 94. .The disk 107 also carries a series of are shaped contacts 72,41, y, lo, Z, m, adapted to be engaged successively by the lever 94 as it is moved to the left from a central position, and a corresponding series of contacts, it, i, j, )6, Z, m adapted to be engaged successively as the lever is-moved to the. right. The controller K has similar series of contacts, n, 0, 10, 9,7 8, etc., adapted to be engaged by the.v lever 94.

The system of electricalcircuits is illustrated diagrammatically in Fig. 14, and theoperation' of the controlling mechanism will be understood in connection with a general statement of the operation of the invent1on.-

Assumin the engine E to be running at a normal peed and the controlling mechanism in the'position indicated by Fig. 11, the

pumps? and Q will be operated, but'as all of the valves 24 are open, the liquid will be circulated within the pump casing, and no pressure will be transmitted to the. motors;

" the motorstherefore will be at rest. It now,

ample, to the left as viewed in Fig. 11, a-

the controlling lever 90 is moved, .for excorresponding movement .will be "imparted through the rack bars 104 and 105, the are shaped members 97 stops 1-0O and springs 103, to the levers 94 and 94. -The initial movement of'the lever 94 brings it into en gagement with the contact h, and completes a circuit through the magnet winding the reversing .valveqnagnet v; this circuit may be traced from the brush 82. of the generator, throughconductors 110, 111, confortact' ring 108, switch lever '94, contact h, conductor 112, magnet winding of the electro-magnet V and through the common As the .generator G 1s running whenever the engine return-wire 113 to the brush 83.

E is in operation, the electro-magnet V 1 -eceives current and moves the reversing valve V mtothe posit on she n in Fig. 1 if it is the position shown in Fig. 1.

t nned movementof the lever 94 brings not already insuch pos1 ion. The lever 94 likewise engages'the contact n and establishes, a circuit ivhichmay be traced from the brush 82, through the conductors 110,

111, contact ring 108, switch lever 94, con tact n,.c.onduct0r 112, winding of electromagnet W and through the common return wire 113 to' the brush 83 .electr'ormagnet W operates to place the reversing valve W in The connto engagement with the contact a and completes a circuitwhich may be traced from the brush 82 to thellever 94 and through contacts 71, i, conductor 114, windin of electro-magnet P, return wire-113 to t e brush 83; the electro-magnet P therefore, operates to close the corresponding valve 24 (see Fig.

5) so that the first set of pump gears a, a will force liquid into the pressure chamber 20, from which it is transmitted to the motor M to operate the; latter and rotate the propeller S. The lever 94 which moves in unison with the lever 94 engages the contact o and completes a circuit which maybe traced from the brush 82 to the lever '94, through contact 0, conductor 114, winding ,of electro magnet Q, and through the common return wire 113. The electro-magnet Q operates its valve 24 in the pump Q so that the first section of the pump Q, forces liquid into its pressure chamber 20, from whence it is conveyed to the motor N and operates the latter to drive the propeller S in unison.

with the propeller S. As the first sections of the pumps only supply a' small volume of liquid, the motors'will operate at a very slow speed. As the lever 94 engages the successivecontacts, 7', is, Z, m, the electro-magnets.

P P P4 and P are successively energized to effect the'operation of the corresponding pump sections and thereby gradually increase the volume of fluid delivered by the pump and bring the motor Mnp to full speed. The -motor N is accelerated and brought up to speed simultaneously with the motor M. If it is desired to propelthe 1 the lever 94 first engages the contact h and establishes a circuit from the brush 82 to the'lever 94 and through the contact h, conductor 116, winding o electro -magnet V andconductor 113 to the brush 83. The

magnet V is therefore energized and moves the valve member 62 of the reversing valve V to the right; The continued movement of the lever 94 to the right establishes circuits through. the contacts 2', j, is, l .and m,

and the corresponding electro-magnets P, etc., so that the motor M is started and acceler'ated' in a backward direction. The motor N is also started and accelerated in the same manneras the 1ever'94 successively engages the contacts n, o',-p, g, r and s.

"The relative speed of the motors M and N may be varied asfollows:We will assume in the first place that the lever 90 has been moved to the left until the lever 94 is in engagement with the contacts in, z', j, k, and the lever'94. engages the contacts, 1,- 0, p, g, and that the lever 90 is locked in said position by the latch 91 engaging the rack teeth 88. The motors M and N will now operate in a forward directionat the sameintermediate speed. To varythe speed of .the motor M alone, the lever 94 is now opto engage the'contacts'l and n, the motor M is brought up to full speed; if the lever 94 is moved. toward central position, the speed of the motor M is decreased; by moving the lever 94 to the right beyond central osition, the motor M may be operated backward so that the propellers S and S may rotate in reverse directions. By thus varying the relative speeds of the propellers or operating them in reverse directions, the boat maybe readily steered. As soon as the operator lets go of the lever 94 it will be returned to its former position by the centering springs. The controller K? may in like manner be used to vary the speed of the motor N by moving the lever 94 while the main lever 99 is locked. The levers 94 and 94' may also both be operated at the same time andindependently of each other tions in the speeds of the'motors, or to control their, direction of. operation. Ordinarily, the speed of the boat either in a forward "or backward direction, will be controlled by the lever 90 and the steering of the boat effected by operating. either or both, of the controllers K and K It will be seen that with the present invention, the operation of the boat is under the complete control of one person, and;

that the speed, may be varied and the steer-. ing of the boat controlled without the op- 'erator changing his position, As the controlling mechanism is operated electrically, the manual labor required to operate the steering apparatusisreduced to a minimum. The present invention also provides means for readily controlling the speed of the boat without the use of the usual clutch mocha n1sm or other expedients which are ordinarily resorted to when gasolene or other internal combustion engines are used.

Although I have shown a formof motor in which oscillating cylinders with reciproeating pistons are used, it will be understood that various other forms of "fiuid mo-' tors mi ht be used. The forms. of pumps used might also be varied .within wide limits; other forms of rotary pumps for example, might be used, or pumps having oscillating cylinders and reciprocating pistons, similar to the fluid motors herein disclosed, might be used. It is to be further noted that although an electric generator Gr driven from the engine E is used to supply power for operating the various conplicable fora wide variety of uses; for eX-. ample, the invention might be used inthel operation of elevators in which the drive sheaves might be placed on the motor shafts, and a system of ropes employed to operate theelevator car by means of the difi'eren: tial action of the drive sheaves. The invention might also be applied to operate difierential gearing, or controlling the rudders on ships. 4

I wish further not to be limited to the particular features of construction herein disclosed, as various changes in the details of construction and arrangements of parts might be made by those skilled in the art,

without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

What I claim as new and desire to secure to Letters Patent of the United States, is to 1ndependentlyatta1n any desired varia- 1. In power transmitting mechanism, the combination with pumping mechanism and operating means therefor, of a plurality of motors, separate means for'con'veying liquid from the pumping mechanism to the several motors, and controlling'mechanism operable to vary the relative amount of liquid delivered to the motors. I

2. In 'powe'r transmitting mechanism, the

combination with pumping mechanism and driving means therefor, of fluid operated motors, means for supplying fluid under pressure from the pumping mechanism to the motors independently, and means to vary the relative amounts ofliquid delivered to the motors from the pumping mechanism and thereby vary the relative speeds of the motors.

3. In power transmitting mechanism, the

combination with a prime mover, of a pumping system operated thereby, motors operated independently by liquid delivered by the pumping system, means to convey liquid from the pumping'mechanism to the motors independently. and controlling mechanism for effecting the delivery of .liquid to the motors either in equal or unequal quantities. '4. The combination with a prime mover, of a plurality of pumps operated thereby, fluid motors, means for conveying fluid from the pumps to the motors independently, and means for controlling the volume of li uid deliveredto the motors, and thereby e ecting their operation at either equal or unequalspeeds.

5. The combination with a prime mover, of a pluralityof 'fiuidmotors, means operated by the prime mover to supply fluid mder pressure, means to convey. the fluid 3 independently to the motors, and controlling mechanism operablev to vary the relative volu e of fluid delivered to the motors.

d jThe combination with a prime mover, of fluid motors operablein unison in the same direction, means driven by the .pilme mover for supplying fluid under pressure, .ineans to convey the fluid ingependently to said, motors .and thereby sec ring suchoperation,.and controlling mechanism. operable to effect a difl'erential action of the motors.

7. The combination with a plurality of fluid motors, normally operablein unison andat the same speed, means to supply an operating fluid to the motors independently for thus' operating the motors, and mochanismoperable to vary the relative speeds of.

the motors to any desired degree within predetermined limits.

8'. Tl1e combination with a plurality of fluid motors, of means for operating the motors in unison, and controlling mechanism operable to vary the speed of said motors either singly or together. a

I 9. The combination with motors operable by .fluid pressure, .of pumping mechanism to supplying fluid pressure to the motors and thereby operating them in unison, mechanism operable to slow down, stop, and accelerate in the reverse direction one of said motors independently of the other, and a controlling device controlling said pumping mechanism to regulate the supply of fluid to both motors. v

10.- The combination with a plurality of motors operable by fluid pressure, of pumping mechanism for supplying fluid pressure to the moto'rs, a speed controlling mechanism operable to slow down, stop, and accelerate in the reverse direction either one of the motors without substantially varying the speed of the oth er motors, and a device for simultaneously varying the speed ,of both motors.

1. The combination with a plurality of pumps, of devices operable by liquid under pressure, separate means for conveying liquid from the pumps to said devices, mechanism for varying the relative'rates at which liquid is supplied to said devices, and a single device for operating said mechanism.

12. The combination with separate liquid circulating systems, of mechanism operable by the circulation of liquid insaid systems,

and a systemof controloperableto vary the the driving and driven members and jcomcirculation. of liquid in either one or both of said systems singly ortogether and thereby control the operation of said mechanism.

- 13, The combination with a driving member, of a plurality of driven members, power transmitting mechanism interposed between prising pumping mechanism and motors operated by fluid transmitted from the pumping mecianisrn, means for directing fluid from the pumping mechanism to the motors independently, means to vary the amount of fluid delivered to the motors and thereby vary the speed of the driven members, and a manually operable device to differentially control the relative speed of said motors.

14. The combination with a driving member, ofa plurality of driven members, power transmitting mechanism interposed between the driving and driven members, said/mechanisn1 comp'rising pumping mechanism and.

motors operated by fluid transmitted from the pumping mechanism, said motors being separately connected to the driven members,

thereby varying the relative speeds of the motors, and a devicefor varying the capacities of both pumps.

17. The combination with a prime mover, of a plurality of pumps operated thereby, mechanism operated by fluiddelivered by the pumps, electro-magnetic devices associated with the pumps .for controlling their output, an electric generator connected to be driven by the prime mover,.circuits and connections for supplying current from said generator to said electro-magneti'c devices,

and means for controlling said circuits.

18. The combination with a plurality of gear pumps and operating means therefor, of a casing inclosing the pumps and forming a common supply chamber therefor, and separate pressure chambers for the pumps.

'19. The combination with motors operable by fluid under pressure, of a casing inclosing the motors, means for supplying fluidflunder pressure to said motors from separate sources, means for varying the relative supply of fluid to the motors and a common discharge pipe for the motors.

20. The combination with ,pumps having a common supply chamber, of motors operable by liquid delivered by the pumps, separate and independent passages for conveying liquid under pressure from the pumps to the motors, a common return passage fr conveying liquid from .the discharge sides of the motors to said supply chamber, and

means to vary the relative output of the pumps and thereby differentially vary the speed of the motors.

21. The combination with a prime mover, of a plurality of pumps connected to be driven thereby, each of said pumps comprising a plurality of sections, motors'operable by fluid delivered by the pumps, mechanism operable to render any desired number of said sections of each pump eflective to pump liquid to themotors, and a device for opera ting said mechanism at will to difi'erentially vary the speed of the motors.

22. The combination with a plurality of motors, of means for supplying fluid pressure to the motors, and a controlling device operable to vary the speed of said motors either simultaneously or separately.

23. The combination of a plurality of mo-- tors, means for supplying fluid pressure to the motors, and a controlling device as'sociated with said motors and manually operable to effect a variation in the speed of the motors either in unison or of eithermotor independently.

24:. The combination with .a plurality of fluid motors, of pumping apparatus, electromagnetic mechanisnr associated with each motor and operable tovary the speed of said motor, and controlling means operable manually to effect the operation of said mechanisms either simultaneously or independently at the will oi": the operator.

25. The combination with a plurality of fluid operated motors and mechanism operated thereby, of separate means for supplying fluid to the motors, devices for regulating and controlling the supply of fluid to,

each motor, andccontrolling mechanism for effecting the operation of saiddevlces for themotors either in unison OrindePendently. 26. The combination with a plurality of pumps, of power transmitting mechanism operated by fluid pressure supplied by the pumps, electro-responsive mechanism associated with each pump for varying its output, and controlling means operable to effect the operation of said electroresponsive mechanismeither for one pump alone or for the plurality of pumps in unison.

27. The combination with fluid motors, of pumping mechanism, controllers, a device .for operating the controllers together, and means for operating either of the controllers alone.

28. The combination with pumping mechani sm, of fluid motors, controllers each comprising a series of electrical contacts and a contact member movable into engagement with said contacts successively, a device operable to move said contact members in unison, and means for moving either of said contact members independently of the other.

29; The combination with'fluid motors, of pumps, means for. controlling the circulation of liquid in the pumps, a pair of controllers each comprising a series of stationary contacts and a contact/lever movable into engagement with the contacts successively, a

tact. levers.

30. The combination with means for genated thereby, a pair of electrical controllers each comprising a series of stationary contacts and a contact lever movable into engagement with the contacts successively, a master lever, elastic connections between the master lever and said contact levers for operating the latter in unison when the master lever is operated but permitting independent movement of the contact levers, and means forlocking-the master lever in adjusted positions.

31. The combination with pumping mechanism, of motors operable by fluid delivered by the pump, means for varying the rate at which liquid is delivered to the motors, and means for differentially varying "the speed of the motors.

erating fluid pressure, of mechanism oper- In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

AUGUST SUNDH.

/Witnesses JAMES G. BETHELL, JOHN F. RULE. I 

